As written by the members of the Nobel Committee in support of the decision, "Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2009 years is valorizing research processes are key to life." This year's Nobel Prize winners explain how the ribosome works and how the level of atoms. Ribosomes are structures key to life, because translating the genetic information contained in DNA into proteins forming cells of living organisms. Engels, is not only considered the existence of life as a form of protein - mainly composed of proteins all living cells, proteins are material bones and muscles and tendons constitute a flexible protein, hard keratin - hair, nails, and transparent KRYSTALIN - lenses of our eyes. Antibodies are proteins that protect the body against germs, hormones such as insulin, digestive enzymes, hemoglobin that carries oxygen. In the living organism are needed tens of thousands of proteins performing different functions. Proteins are long chains of connected molecules called amino acids. As with a limited number of alphabet characters to create millions of different words in hundreds of languages and virtually infinite number of literary works, and millions of proteins are composed of just twenty kinds of amino acids. The longest known protein is present in muscle tytyna - a chain of 26 926 amino acids. The exact chemical name of this protein in the English language is not to pronounce - has more than 189 thousand characters.While the protein is sufficient to create any suitable number of appropriately arranged amino acids, which is 20, the information is stored in the DNA code consisting of just four letters, called nucleotides. Therefore, you need a mechanism which translates the DNA contained in the amino acid theory into practice. I just deal with the ribosomes, which are efficient protein labels.

Thanks Venkatraman Ramakrishan Thomas A. Steitzowi Ada E. Yonath, and we know exactly how they look and how they are built. Using the technique of X-ray crystallography failed to establish the position of each of the hundreds of thousands of atoms making up the ribosome. For the ribosomes necessary for the crystalline form of crystallography, Ada Yonath chose particularly stable ribosomes from living in hot springs bacteria Geobacillus stearothermophilus and the Dead Sea resident microorganism Haloarcula marismortui. In a process called translation, ribosomes produce proteins on the basis of information contained in the DNA - but do not use this information directly. When you need some protein, "a plan to build" is transferred to the cell nucleus by informational RNA (mRNA). RNA is a substance similar to DNA, though it differs from the one "letter" - nucleotide. When connected to the mRNAs the ribosome, the synthesis begins. Increased unit ribosomal amino acids involved in the merger as planned, the less - "quality control". This allows errors occur very rarely - once every 100 000 amino acids. Many existing antibiotics act on bacterial ribosomes - blocking them prevents the normal functioning of microorganisms. This year's winners have developed a three-dimensional models of the ribosome, through which the development of new antibiotics is easier and faster. Of course, antibiotics do not interfere with the operation rybosomom man.